| English | Phonetic Transcription | Tiếng Việt |
|---|---|---|
| Inflammation | /ˌɪn.fləˈmeɪ.ʃən/ | Viêm |
| Biological response | /ˌbaɪ.əˈlɒdʒ.ɪ.kəl rɪˈspɒns/ | Phản ứng sinh học |
| Immune cells | /ɪˈmjuːn sɛlz/ | Tế bào miễn dịch |
| Blood vessels | /blʌd ˈvɛs.əlz/ | Mạch máu |
| Molecular mediators | /məˈlɛkjʊlər ˈmiː.di.eɪ.tərz/ | Chất trung gian phân tử |
| Infection | /ɪnˈfɛk.ʃən/ | Nhiễm trùng |
| Pathogens | /ˈpæθ.ə.dʒənz/ | Mầm bệnh |
| Chronic inflammation | /ˈkrɒn.ɪk ˌɪn.fləˈmeɪ.ʃən/ | Viêm mãn tính |
| Acute inflammation | /əˈkjuːt ˌɪn.fləˈmeɪ.ʃən/ | Viêm cấp tính |
| Prostaglandins | /ˌprɒs.təˈɡlæn.dɪnz/ | Prostaglandin |
| Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) | /nɒnˌstɛrɔɪdəl ˌæntiˈɪnfləˌmætəri drʌɡz/ | Thuốc kháng viêm không steroid |
| Cyclooxygenase | /ˌsaɪ.kləʊˈɒks.ɪ.dʒə.neɪz/ | Enzym cyclooxygenase |
| Cytokines | /ˈsaɪ.təʊˌkaɪnz/ | Cytokine |
| Arthritis | /ɑːˈθraɪ.tɪs/ | Viêm khớp |
| Septicemia | /ˌsɛp.tɪˈsiː.mi.ə/ | Nhiễm trùng máu |
| Metabolism | /məˈtæb.ə.lɪz.əm/ | Chuyển hóa |
| Antibodies | /ˈæn.tɪˌbɒd.iz/ | Kháng thể |
| Systemic inflammation | /sɪˈstɛmɪk ˌɪn.fləˈmeɪ.ʃən/ | Viêm hệ thống |
Reading
🔥 Inflammation and Its Role in the Body
🩸 What is Inflammation?
Inflammation is part of the complex biological response of body tissues to harmful stimuli, such as:
🔹 Pathogens (bacteria, viruses, fungi)
🔹 Damaged cells
🔹 Irritants (such as chemicals or foreign objects)
It is a protective response involving immune cells, blood vessels, and molecular mediators.
⚠️ Inflammation is NOT the same as infection!
- 🦠 Infection = Microbial invasion triggers inflammation.
- 🔥 Inflammation = The body’s response to an irritant, whether microbial or not.
🤕 How Does Inflammation Feel?
When inflammation occurs, it often hurts. Depending on severity, a person may feel:
✅ Pain
✅ Stiffness
✅ Discomfort
✅ Distress
✅ Agony
💡 Example:
When a wound swells, turns red, and hurts, it may be a sign of inflammation. This is the immune system responding to an irritant, which could be:
- 🦠 A germ (such as bacteria)
- 🪵 A foreign object (e.g., a splinter in your finger)
🔍 Inflammation starts immediately—it doesn’t wait for an infection to develop!
⚡ Types of Inflammation
Inflammation can be classified into two types based on duration and severity:
1️⃣ Acute inflammation (fast onset, short duration)
2️⃣ Chronic inflammation (slow onset, long-lasting)
🔬 Common Causes of Inflammation
Inflammation can be triggered by:
🦠 Pathogens (bacteria, viruses, fungi)
🩹 External injuries (scrapes, cuts, foreign objects like a thorn)
☢️ Effects of chemicals or radiation
🚨 Signs of Acute Inflammation
There are five key symptoms that may indicate acute inflammation:
❤️ Redness
🔥 Heat
💧 Swelling
🤕 Pain
⚠️ Loss of function
⚡ Note: Not all inflammations cause all five symptoms! Some can be silent and show no visible signs.
💡 Examples of Loss of Function:
- ❌ Inability to move an inflamed joint properly
- 🤧 Worsened sense of smell during a cold
- 😮💨 Difficulty breathing when experiencing bronchitis
🌡️ Severe Inflammation and Systemic Reactions
If inflammation is severe, it can lead to widespread effects in the body:
🤒 Feeling generally ill, exhaustion, and fever
🩸 Changes in blood composition, including increased immune cells
⚠️ A rare but serious complication of infection is septicemia (blood poisoning). Symptoms include:
❄️ Chills
🤢 Feeling very ill
🌡️ Very high fever
🚨 When Inflammation Becomes Harmful
Inflammation is usually protective, but in some diseases, the immune system attacks the body’s own cells by mistake, leading to chronic inflammation and tissue damage.
💊 Treating Inflammation
There are several effective treatments to reduce pain and swelling:
💊 NSAIDs (Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) block prostaglandins, which trigger inflammation.
🧪 Cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors block enzymes involved in inflammation.
🔬 Cytokine inhibitors are used for arthritis and other chronic conditions.
❗ However, none of these treatments effectively treat systemic inflammation.
📝 Conclusion:
✅ Inflammation is a natural defense mechanism, but it can become harmful.
✅ Understanding its symptoms, causes, and treatments helps manage it effectively.
✅ Seek medical attention if inflammation becomes severe or persistent.
Questions
- What is inflammation?
- What are some causes of inflammation?
- Which parts of the body are involved in inflammation?
- Is inflammation the same as infection?
- What does the word “infection” imply?
- How does the body react to harmful irritants?
- What are some common symptoms of inflammation?
- Can inflammation occur without an infection?
- What are the two types of inflammation?
- How do acute and chronic inflammation differ?
- What are some possible causes of inflammation?
- What are the five main symptoms of acute inflammation?
- Do all inflammations show the five symptoms?
- What are some examples of loss of function due to inflammation?
- What are some general body reactions to severe inflammation?
- How does fever help the immune system during inflammation?
- What is a rare but dangerous complication of an infection?
- How does septicemia affect the body?
- How can inflammation sometimes harm the body?
- What types of medicine are used to treat inflammation?
