ABOUT THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
The glands of the endocrine system work together to control many bodily functions. Everything from hunger to childhood growth is regulated by the hormones of this system.
Each gland of the endocrine system secretes one or more hormones into the bloodstream. The hormones travel throughout the body to control certain functions. Major glands of the system and their purpose include the following:
Pituitary gland: This gland, at the base of the brain below the hypothalamus, secretes nine hormones that control important functions. These include growth, blood pressure, and sexual functions.
Thyroid gland: The thyroid gland, in the neck below the Adam’s apple, controls how quickly the body uses energy and makes proteins.
Pineal body: The pineal body, or pineal gland, is located in the center of the brain. It produces melatonin, which regulates sleep cycles.
Adrenal gland: One adrenal gland is located above each kidney. They produce adrenaline, which helps the body respond to stress.
| Tiếng Anh | Phiên Âm | Tiếng Việt |
|---|---|---|
| Endocrine | /ˈɛndəkrɪn/ | Nội tiết |
| System | /ˈsɪstəm/ | Hệ thống |
| Gland | /ɡlænd/ | Tuyến |
| Hormone | /ˈhɔːrmoʊn/ | Hoóc-môn |
| Bloodstream | /ˈblʌdstriːm/ | Dòng máu |
| Regulate | /ˈrɛɡjəˌleɪt/ | Điều hòa |
| Pituitary gland | /pɪˈtjuːɪˌtɛri ɡlænd/ | Tuyến yên |
| Brain | /breɪn/ | Não |
| Hypothalamus | /ˌhaɪpoʊˈθæləməs/ | Vùng hạ đồi |
| Secrete | /sɪˈkriːt/ | Tiết ra |
| Thyroid gland | /ˈθaɪˌrɔɪd ɡlænd/ | Tuyến giáp |
| Neck | /nɛk/ | Cổ |
| Energy | /ˈɛnərdʒi/ | Năng lượng |
| Proteins | /ˈproʊtiːnz/ | Protein |
| Pineal gland | /ˈpɪniəl ɡlænd/ | Tuyến tùng |
| Melatonin | /ˌmɛləˈtoʊnɪn/ | Melatonin |
| Sleep cycles | /sliːp ˈsaɪkəlz/ | Chu kỳ giấc ngủ |
| Adrenal gland | /əˈdriːnəl ɡlænd/ | Tuyến thượng thận |
| Kidney | /ˈkɪdni/ | Thận |
| Adrenaline | /əˈdrɛnəlɪn/ | Adrenaline |
| Stress | /strɛs/ | Căng thẳng |
| Growth | /ɡroʊθ/ | Tăng trưởng |
| Blood pressure | /blʌd ˈprɛʃər/ | Huyết áp |
| Sexual functions | /ˈsɛkʃuəl ˈfʌŋkʃənz/ | Chức năng sinh dục |
| Bodily functions | /ˈbɑːdəli ˈfʌŋkʃənz/ | Chức năng cơ thể |
| Metabolism | /məˈtæbəˌlɪzəm/ | Trao đổi chất |
| Response | /rɪˈspɑːns/ | Phản ứng |
| Control | /kənˈtroʊl/ | Kiểm soát |
| Medical | /ˈmɛdɪkəl/ | Y khoa |
| Physiology | /ˌfɪziˈɑːlədʒi/ | Sinh lý học |
VOCABULARY PRACTICE
