Mẫu thi KTHP av chuyên ngành y 2

Mẫu đề thi KTHP

PART 1. MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

Read each question carefully and choose the best answer from the four given options (A, B, C, or D).

1. What is the primary function of a red blood cell?

A. To fight infections

B. To clot blood

C. To carry oxygen

D. To produce hormones

2. Which of the following blood components is responsible for forming a clot to stop bleeding?

A. Plasma

B. White blood cells

C. Platelets

D. Red blood cells

3. A patient needing a transfusion would be in urgent need of what?

A. An injection of antibiotics

B. A surgical procedure

C. A transfer of blood

D. A detailed physical examination

4. Which part of the nervous system is responsible for processing information and sending commands?

A. Spinal cord

B. Nerves

C. Brain

D. Motor neurons

5. What is the basic unit of the nervous system that transmits electrical signals?

A. Vertebrae

B. Neuron

C. Network

D. Reflex

6. Which blood Type is often called the “universal recipient” because it can receive blood from all other types?

A. Type A

B. Type B

C. Type O

D. Type AB

7. A sudden, automatic response to a stimulus, like pulling your hand away from a hot stove, is known as a ______.

A. Sensation

B. Reflex

C. Thought

D. Emotion

8. What is the main function of the ovaries in the female reproductive system?

A. To support pregnancy

B. To produce sperm cells

C. To produce egg cells

D. To regulate body temperature

9. Which term describes the medical field that provides comprehensive healthcare for individuals of all ages?

A. Pediatrics

B. Geriatrics

C. Family medicine

D. Urgent care

10. When a doctor listens to a patient’s heart or lungs using a stethoscope, what examination technique are they performing?

A. Palpation

B. Percussion

C. Auscultation

D. Inspection

11. A GFR test is most useful for assessing the function of which organs?

A. Lungs

B. Heart

C. Kidneys

D. Liver

12. What are vital signs often checked for during a physical examination?

A. To determine the patient’s favorite food

B. To evaluate basic body functions like pulse and temperature

C. To measure the patient’s height and weight only

D. To assess the patient’s financial status

13. Which of the following conditions in newborns is characterized by yellowing of the skin and eyes due to high bilirubin levels?

A. Asthma

B. Obesity

C. Jaundice

D. Anemia

14. What does a family practitioner typically do when a patient requires highly specialized treatment?

A. Performs the complex surgery themselves

B. Ignores the patient’s symptoms

C. Refers the patient to an appropriate specialist

D. Prescribes over-the-counter medication

15. Which of these is a common method of birth control?

A. Infertility treatment

B. Gonads examination

C. Condom use

D. Intercourse education

16. Which type of neuron carries information from the brain and spinal cord to the muscles and glands?

A. Sensory neuron

B. Motor neuron

C. Interneuron

D. Association neuron

17. If a patient is diagnosed with CKD, what system of the body is primarily affected?

A. Digestive system

B. Respiratory system

C. Renal system

D. Nervous system

18. What is the purpose of a urinalysis test?

A. To check blood sugar levels

B. To analyze the content of urine for abnormalities

C. To measure lung capacity

D. To assess bone density

19. Which term refers to the process of examining a patient by touching their body?

A. Inspection

B. Auscultation

C. Percussion

D. Palpation

20. What is a common service provided by primary care physicians that aims to prevent diseases?

A. Emergency surgery

B. Advanced cancer treatment

C. Preventative care and immunizations

D. Organ transplant

PART 2. FILL IN THE BLANKS

Choose the correct word from the word bank to fill in the blanks.

Word Bank:

• Type O
• gonads
• motor
• observing
• spinal cord
• testes
• vital signs
• plasma
• check-ups
• pediatrics

The male and female (21) __________ are the primary reproductive organs that produce sex cells and hormones. In males, the (22) __________ produce sperm cells, while in females, the ovaries produce egg cells.

A patient’s (23) __________ include measurements like temperature, pulse, and blood pressure, providing essential information about basic body functions. Doctors often start a physical examination by (24) __________ the patient’s general appearance and body language.

The (25) __________ is an important part of the central nervous system, extending from the brain and carrying messages throughout the body. Motor neurons are responsible for sending (26) __________ commands from the brain to the muscles, allowing for movement.

When blood needs to be separated, the liquid component, which makes up about 55% of blood volume, is called (27) __________. Type O blood is considered the (28) __________ donor because it lacks A and B antigens, making it compatible with all other blood types.

Regular (29) __________ are important for infants, especially during the first year of life. The branch of medicine focused on the health of children is called (30) __________.

PART 3. READING COMPREHENSION

Task 1. Read the following passage and choose the correct letter (A, B, C, or D) to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

Understanding the Human Nervous System

The nervous system is a complex network of nerves and cells that carry messages to and from the brain and spinal cord to various parts¹ of the body. It is the body’s main control system, responsible for everything from breathing and walking to thinking and feeling.

There are two main divisions of the nervous system: the Central Nervous System (CNS) and the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS).² The CNS consists of the brain and the spinal cord. The brain, the most complex organ, is the center of thought, emotion, interpretation of sensory information, and movement control. The spinal cord acts as a pathway for messages between the brain and the rest of the body, and it also mediates reflexes.

The PNS is made up of all the nerves that branch out from the brain and spinal cord to other parts of the body, including muscles and organs. These nerves allow the brain and spinal cord to communicate with the extremities and even internal organs.

The basic building blocks of the nervous system are specialized cells called neurons. Neurons transmit electrical and chemical signals. There are different types of neurons, each with a specific function. Sensory neurons carry information from the body’s sensory receptors (like those in the skin, eyes, and ears) to the CNS. Motor neurons transmit commands from the CNS to muscles and glands, allowing us to move and respond.

Damage to the nervous system can have significant affects on bodily functions, ranging from impaired sensation and movement to cognitive difficulties. Understanding this intricate system is crucial for diagnosing and treating neurological conditions.

31. What is the primary role of the nervous system according to the passage?

A. To produce blood cells

B. To regulate hormone levels

C. To control and coordinate bodily functions

D. To support bones and muscles

32. Which two components make up the Central Nervous System (CNS)?

A. Nerves and muscles

B. Brain and spinal cord

C. Sensory and motor neurons

D. Heart and lungs

33. What is the function of sensory neurons?

A. To send commands to muscles

B. To carry information from sensory receptors to the CNS

C. To process thoughts and emotions

D. To control reflexes

34. According to the passage, what is a consequence of damage to the nervous system?

A. Enhanced cognitive abilities

B. Improved motor skills

C. Impaired sensation and movement

D. Increased immune response

35. What does the passage describe as the basic building blocks of the nervous system?

A. Vertebrae

B. Networks

C. Neurons

D. Blood cells

Task 2. Read each statement carefully. Decide if it is True or False according to the information in the text below.

Blood Types and Compatibility

Human blood is classified into different groups based on the presence or absence of specific antigens on the surface of red blood cells.³ The most well-known system is the ABO blood group system, which categorizes blood into four main types: Type A, Type B, Type AB, and Type O.

Type A blood has A antigens on its red blood cells. Type B blood has B antigens. Type AB blood has both A and B antigens. Finally, Type O blood has neither A nor B antigens. In addition to antigens, blood plasma contains antibodies that react against antigens not found on a person’s own red blood cells. For example, a person with Type A blood will have anti-B antibodies.

Blood transfusions require careful matching of blood types to ensure compatibility. Giving a patient incompatible blood can lead to a severe and potentially fatal immune reaction. Type O blood is often called the “universal donor” because it can be given to people of any ABO blood type since its red blood cells lack A and B antigens, meaning they won’t trigger an immune response. Conversely, Type AB blood is considered the “universal recipient” because individuals with Type AB blood have no anti-A or anti-B antibodies in their plasma, allowing them to receive red blood cells from any ABO type.

The Rhesus (Rh) factor is another important consideration, classifying blood as either Rh-positive (+) or Rh-negative (-). This factor also needs to be compatible during transfusions.

36. ______ Type AB blood has both A and B antigens on its red blood cells.
37. ______ A person with Type B blood will have anti-A antibodies in their plasma.
38. ______ Giving a patient incompatible blood during a transfusion is always safe.
39. ______ Type O blood is called the “universal donor” because it can only be given to other Type O individuals.
40. ______ Type AB is considered the “universal recipient” because its plasma contains no anti-A or anti-B antibodies.

PART 4. WRITING

Task 1. Label the diagram below using your own words. NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS.

Task 2: Complete the information about steps for a medical examination. NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS.

1. Patient History Collection – Begin by asking the patient about their current symptoms and medical (46) __________.
2. Vital Signs Assessment – Measure the patient’s pulse, blood pressure, and (47) __________ to get initial health data.
3. Inspection – Visually inspect the patient, paying attention to their general appearance and (48) __________.
4. Palpation – Use gentle (49) __________ to feel for abnormalities in different body parts.
5. Auscultation – Listen to internal body sounds, such as heart and lung sounds, often with a (50) __________.